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zlib 壓縮庫：編譯安裝指南與步驟教學

  收錄於 C++
     約 1344 字   預計閱讀 6 分鐘    次閱讀       
zlib 壓縮庫：編譯安裝指南與步驟教學

到底要怎麼使用 C/C++ 壓縮或解壓縮檔案呢？

那就來看看 zlib 吧 ~

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在 Linux 中常常看到不同的壓縮格式，常見的像是 zip 和 gz，這些到底有甚麼差別？

大部分的 zip 和 gz 都是底層採用 deflate 演算法 (RFC1951) 壓縮，外面再加上不同的封裝

zip 可以將多的檔案放在一起壓縮，副檔名通常為 .zip

但 gz 只能針對單一檔案壓縮，因此 gz 通常都搭配 tar 一起使用，副檔名為 .tar.gz

Zlib 就是支援 deflate 演算法的 library，可以透過他來壓縮和解壓縮

其實 zlib 也是一個壓縮格式，底層也是基於 deflate，因此常常與 Zlib library 搞混

Zlib library 由 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler 開發

本身除了支援 deflate 之外，也支援 zlib 格式和 gzip 格式

下面我們就來介紹如何編譯 Zlib library 吧 ~

在開始之前，我們會用到 git 和 cmake，沒有的可以先安裝一下。


  1. 下載 zlib libary 的 source code

    使用 git 來下載檔案

    cmd

    git clone https://github.com/madler/zlib

    cmd

    $ git clone https://github.com/madler/zlib
Cloning into 'zlib'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 6117, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (330/330), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (140/140), done.
remote: Total 6117 (delta 193), reused 266 (delta 187), pack-reused 5787
Receiving objects: 100% (6117/6117), 4.24 MiB | 1002.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (4279/4279), done.

  1. cmake configure

    在編譯之前要先產生 Makefile，先進去 zlib 資料夾內，並下指令讓 cmake 產生必要的檔案

    我們設定將編譯過程產生的檔案放在 build，另外設定最後安裝的位置為 build/install

    這邊使用 MinGW 做示範，因此使用 MinGW Makefiles，如果不是用 MinGW 的可以使用其他的 Cmake Generator

    cmd

    cd zlib
cmake -S . -B build -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=build/install

    cmd

    $ cmake -S . -B build -G "MinGW Makefiles"
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.1.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/MinGW/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of off64_t
-- Check size of off64_t - done
-- Looking for fseeko
-- Looking for fseeko - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Renaming
--     D:/zlib/zlib/zconf.h
-- to 'zconf.h.included' because this file is included with zlib
-- but CMake generates it automatically in the build directory.
-- Configuring done (7.6s)
-- Generating done (0.2s)
-- Build files have been written to: D:/zlib/zlib/build

  1. cmake build

    接著就可以開始編譯了，我們設定將編譯產生的檔案放在 build

    cmd

    cmake --build build

    cmd

    $ cmake --build build
[  2%] Generating zlib1rc.obj
[  4%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/adler32.c.obj
[  7%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/compress.c.obj
[  9%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/crc32.c.obj
[ 12%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/deflate.c.obj
[ 14%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/gzclose.c.obj
[ 17%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/gzlib.c.obj
[ 19%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/gzread.c.obj
[ 21%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/gzwrite.c.obj
[ 24%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/inflate.c.obj
[ 26%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/infback.c.obj
[ 29%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/inftrees.c.obj
[ 31%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/inffast.c.obj
[ 34%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/trees.c.obj
[ 36%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/uncompr.c.obj
[ 39%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlib.dir/zutil.c.obj
[ 41%] Linking C shared library libzlib.dll
[ 41%] Built target zlib
[ 43%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/adler32.c.obj
[ 46%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/compress.c.obj
[ 48%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/crc32.c.obj
[ 51%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/deflate.c.obj
[ 53%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/gzclose.c.obj
[ 56%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/gzlib.c.obj
[ 58%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/gzread.c.obj
[ 60%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/gzwrite.c.obj
[ 63%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/inflate.c.obj
[ 65%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/infback.c.obj
[ 68%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/inftrees.c.obj
[ 70%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/inffast.c.obj
[ 73%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/trees.c.obj
[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/uncompr.c.obj
[ 78%] Building C object CMakeFiles/zlibstatic.dir/zutil.c.obj
[ 80%] Linking C static library libzlibstatic.a
[ 80%] Built target zlibstatic
[ 82%] Building C object CMakeFiles/example.dir/test/example.c.obj
[ 85%] Linking C executable example.exe
[ 85%] Built target example
[ 87%] Building C object CMakeFiles/minigzip.dir/test/minigzip.c.obj
[ 90%] Linking C executable minigzip.exe
[ 90%] Built target minigzip
[ 92%] Building C object CMakeFiles/example64.dir/test/example.c.obj
[ 95%] Linking C executable example64.exe
[ 95%] Built target example64
[ 97%] Building C object CMakeFiles/minigzip64.dir/test/minigzip.c.obj
[100%] Linking C executable minigzip64.exe
[100%] Built target minigzip64

  1. 安裝

    最後下指令安裝即可，安裝的位置在先前設定的 build/install

    cmd

    cmake --install build

    cmd

    $ cmake --install build
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/lib/libzlib.dll.a
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/bin/libzlib.dll
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/lib/libzlibstatic.a
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/include/zconf.h
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/include/zlib.h
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/share/man/man3/zlib.3
-- Installing: D:/C/endgame_verify/3dparty/zlib/zlib/build/install/share/pkgconfig/zlib.pc

這邊稍微用 C++ 寫一下 gzip 格式的壓縮和解壓縮

Cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>

#include "zlib/zlib.h"

decompress(const std::string &inFileName, const std::string &outFileName)
{
  gzFile infile = gzopen(inFileName.data(), "rb");
  std::ofstream outfile(outFileName, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);
  if (!infile || !outfile)
  {
    return -1;
  }

  char buf[128];
  int num_read = 0;
  while ((num_read = gzread(infile, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
  {
    outfile.write(buf, num_read);
  }
  gzclose(infile);
  outfile.close();
  return 0;
}

int compress(const std::string &inFileName, const std::string &outFileName)
{
  std::ifstream infile(inFileName, std::ios::binary | std::ios::in);
  gzFile outfile = gzopen(outFileName.data(), "wb");
  if (!infile || !outfile)
  {
    return -1;
  }

  char buf[128];
  while (true)
  {
    infile.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
    int num_read = infile.gcount();
    if (num_read == 0)
    {
      break;
    }
    gzwrite(outfile, buf, num_read);
  }
  infile.close();
  gzclose(outfile);
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  if (argc < 3)
  {
    std::cerr << argv[0] << " <C/D> <source> <output>" << std::endl;
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  if (argv[1][0] == 'C')
  {
    if (compress(std::string(argv[2]), std::string(argv[3])) == -1)
    {
      std::cerr << "Error" << std::endl;
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  }
  else if (argv[1][0] == 'D')
  {
    if (decompress(std::string(argv[2]), std::string(argv[3])) == -1)
    {
      std::cerr << "Error" << std::endl;
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  }

  std::cout << "Done" << std::endl;
}

編譯時候記得設定 link 和 header 的路徑，然後 link zlib

因為是用 shared library，記得把 dll 複製過來

dll 位置在 build/install/bin/libzlib.dll

cmd

g++ test.cpp -o test.exe -l zlib -L zlib/build/install/lib -I zlib/build/install/include

附上用 static 的編譯指令：

cmd

g++ -static test.cpp -o test.exe -l zlibstatic -L zlib/build/install/lib -I zlib/build/install/include

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更新於 2023-12-13
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